Where Europe's defence decisions become visible.
Großwald is an independent European defence intelligence publication. We track procurement, alliance posture, and industrial readiness across the continent — verified, attributed, and structured for professionals who need to know.
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The Deep Rear Is Dead – Long Live the Deep Rear: Pavutyna FPV Swarms vs Russian Bombers
Proximity Doctrine & Ukraine’s AI-Guided FPV Swarms Against Russia’s Bomber Fleet — Operatsija “Pavutyna” (Spider’s Web)
[MDF] Doctrine & Force
Steadfast Dart 2026: NATO’s First Major Test of the Allied Reaction Force
A deep-dive into Exercise Steadfast Dart 2026 — the Allied Reaction Force's first operational-scale deployment under JFC Brunssum, and the clearest test yet of NATO's post-NRF multi-domain readiness architecture.
NATO Exercises 2026: The Complete Guide to Allied Readiness
A continually updated guide to every confirmed NATO exercise in 2026 – dates, locations, and what each drill means for collective defence. Perfect for students, journalists, and security professionals. Last update: 26 February 2026.
Germany F127 Frigate: SPY-6 Radar, Aegis System and Deep-Strike Capability
Integrating Raytheon’s SPY-6 radar, an Aegis-based combat system, and long-range strike options, the F127 class positions Germany as Europe’s anchor in NATO’s next-generation sensor-to-shooter architecture.
[CEE] Central & Eastern Europe
[DPL] Policy
Industrial Deterrence: Germany’s €377 B Experiment in Defence Governance
The Zeitenwende’s next phase transforms procurement into governance, anchoring NATO’s rear-area deterrence — yet fiscal and bureaucratic limits may decide whether the model endures.
Poland’s Homeland Defence Act 2025: NATO’s Eastern Anchor Becomes Operational
Poland’s Homeland Defence Act 2025 marks a shift from blueprint to reality. With Abrams, F-35s, East Shield, and U.S. FMF loans, Warsaw has become NATO’s eastern anchor.
[AIR] Air
Eurofighter Tranche-5: Germany's High-Stakes Bet on Industrial Sovereignty
Beyond the €3.75 billion order, Berlin’s autonomy hinges on who controls radar processors, EW code, and the funding discipline to sustain capability layers through the 2030s.
Russian Drone Incursions into Poland: NATO Eastern Flank Air Defence and Deterrence Test
Warsaw triggers Article 4 after repeated airspace violations; NATO fuses posture, exercises, and counter-UAS upgrades into one eastern-flank rehearsal.
German Air Force Modernization: JSM Missiles for F-35, DIRCM for A400M, and Sensor Fusion for Eurofighter
Germany accelerates Luftwaffe modernization with deep-strike cruise missiles for the F-35, DIRCM protection for the A400M, and sensor upgrades for the Eurofighter.
[GRD] Land
Ukraine Deploys Rheinmetall Caracal | First Operational Use of G-Class 464 by Special Forces
Ukraine’s special forces have fielded the Rheinmetall Caracal G-Class 464—becoming the first confirmed users of the NATO-standard airmobile vehicle. Delivered ahead of the Bundeswehr rollout, the modular platform supports Ukraine’s shift toward Western-style tactical mobility.
Italy Selects BvS10 to Replace BV206 Fleet in Strategic BAE Systems–IDV Partnership
Italy will replace 268 BV206s with the BvS10 under a new BAE Systems–IDV deal, localizing production and aligning with NATO’s CATV framework. Learn more about Italy’s strategic tracked mobility shift.
[SEA] Sea
Canada’s Submarine Program: Germany and Norway Propose Partnership in the Type 212CD Project
Ottawa could extend the German-Norwegian Type 212 CD project into a transatlantic production and sustainment alliance—linking Europe and Canada through shared submarine design, industrial offsets, and Arctic under-ice capability.
IRIS-T SLM Demonstrator Tested at Sea During “Andøya” Exercise
German Navy and Diehl Defence conduct first sea trial of a navalized IRIS-T SLM system
Germany F127 Frigate: SPY-6 Radar, Aegis System and Deep-Strike Capability
Integrating Raytheon’s SPY-6 radar, an Aegis-based combat system, and long-range strike options, the F127 class positions Germany as Europe’s anchor in NATO’s next-generation sensor-to-shooter architecture.